Everything about the Second Mexican Empire totally explained
The
Second Mexican Empire was the name of
Mexico under the regime established from 1864 to 1867. Using the pretext of collecting overdue loans to Mexico,
Napoleon III of France justified the invasion by French troops. The French attempted to use the Mexican adventure to recapture some of the grandeur of earlier Napoleonic times. The military intervention put
Archduke Maximilian of Austria on the Mexican Throne as Maximilian I. It was promoted and installed by the French, with some support from the Austrian and Spanish Crowns, in order to create a European-style monarchical system in Mexico. The French also had support from conservative elements within Mexico, who were looking for a way to promote stability and end the constant cycle of unrest and revolution. The Second Mexican Empire lasted three years, with one reigning emperor.
The Empire was divided into 50 departments (departamentos).
The rule of Emperor Maximiliano was blemished by constant conflict. On his arrival in 1864 with his wife,
Empress Carlota of Mexico, he found himself in the middle of a political struggle between the Liberals, headed by
Benito Juárez, and the Conservatives that backed him. The two factions had set up parallel governments; the Conservatives in
Mexico City controlling central
Mexico and the Liberals in
Veracruz. The Conservatives received funding from Europe, especially from
Isabella II of Spain and
Napoleon III of France; the Liberals found backing from United States Presidents
Abraham Lincoln and
Andrew Johnson, after they'd finished their own
Civil War in
1865.
Because Emperor Maximilian was viewed as a French puppet by some, he was unpopular and many citizens didn't regard him as the legitimate leader of Mexico. He was executed by a
firing squad in
1867, under the orders of
Benito Juárez in an attempt to dissuade any further foreign attempts to control Mexico.
Before his death, he adopted the grand sons of the first Mexican emperor, Agustín de Iturbide. He attempted to make them his future successors to the throne of Mexico because they'd be seen as legitimate due to their pure Mexican bloodline. Just before his death, Maximilian sent his adopted sons to an adoptive family as he was realizing the dangerous situation of Mexico. The adoptive sons started the Mexican Royal family and the House of Götzen-Iturbide in the exile.
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